Physical Chemistry
All contributors in Physical Chemistry
By: Martin Bell
The nucleus of an atom contains protons that are positively charged. Energy is needed to prevent them repelling each other and making the nucleus unstable. more...
Entropy and Free Energy Made Simple
By: Andy Allison
Thermodynamics describes how heat energy moves around and can prove a difficult subject to study. Good models for entropy and free energy aid understanding of this topic. more...
Blue Skies, White Clouds, Red Sunsets
By: Anthony Toole
Salty water is a clear solution. Muddy water is opaque, because its coarser particles are a thousand times bigger than those of salt. more...
By: Simon Davies
Electrons in atoms are arranged in electronic energy levels, subshells and orbitals. more...
By: Simon Davies
An overview of the important discipline of kinetics - the study of how fast chemical reactions go, what conditions affect these rates and why. more...
By: Simon Davies
Burning fuels, refrigeration, radioactivity, enzymes and cookery all depend on processes and theories in a less glamorous branch of science. more...
All contributing articles in Physical Chemistry (general)
